We are sad to announce that Abi has left the role of Programme Officer for the IUCN SSC Small Mammal Specialist Group. 

Abi has been in post since May 2022 and was based at Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust.

Abi is moving on to a full-time position as an Ecologist for a local authority in the UK, but we are delighted to say that she will be staying on as a member of the group and will continue to contribute to a couple of different projects.

On April 27, 2025 a contingent of three Ukrainian scientists from the Kyiv Zoo arrived in San Diego for a study tour with the San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance. The Ukrainians have been involved in the conservation breeding and reintroduction of the now Critically Endangered European Hamster (Cricetus cricetus) into the steppe region of Ukraine. The project is led by Dr. Mikhail Rusin of the Kyiv Zoo, also a SMSG member. As a supporter of this program, Zoo New England (ZNE) requested and received a grant from the foundation Trust for Mutual Understanding to provide the scientists from this war-torn country a chance to learn from one of the world’s best captive breeding and reintroduction team.

Kyiv Zoo team and Zoo New England facilitator at San Diego Zoo

The Ukrainian team was supported by Peter Zahler of ZNE, also a SMSG member, and hosted by Dr. Debra Shier, who is the Alliance’s Brown Endowed Associate Director of Recovery Ecology. Dr. Shier and her group work on a number of small mammal translocations, including a very successful Stephen’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi) program and the program the Ukrainians observed during their visit, on the Pacific Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris pacificus). These tiny mice, the smallest in North America, were thought extinct until a small population was discovered in the 1990s. They currently can be found in only three sites, and probably still number only about 200 animals along the coast of southern California.

Over the next nine days, the Ukrainians were provided with both presentations and hands-on opportunities to learn cutting-edge methods in husbandry, breeding decisions, hormone trials, genetic studies, health assessments, and data management protocols. They also learned about the complex decision-making that goes into identifying potential release sites. Finally, they learned about behavioural competency conditioning for the mice to prepare them for life in the wild, including predator avoidance, shelter use, and foraging.

The team also went into the field to help with a “soft release” of 50 Pacific pocket mice into small cages out in the coastal scrub, helped with vegetation surveys, and finally went out to remove the “soft release” cages and free what might well be 20% of the wild population of this highly threatened small mammal. They have since returned to Ukraine where they will attempt to put what they’ve learned into practice for the European hamster initiative.

The reintroduction site, the Ukrainian team conducting fieldwork in the coastal sage scrub (middle) and a “soft-release” trap where the mice spend a week getting used to being outdoors (right).

This month, after 13 years in the role, Tom is stepping down as the Co-Chair of the IUCN SSC Small Mammal Specialist Group (SMSG). Here we look at some of the huge contributions and achievements Tom has made to the group over this period.

Tom replaced Don Wilson as the co-chair of the newly formed SMSG back in 2012, with his focus on developing small mammal work across the Americas. He served as co-chair first with Rich Young and more recently with Ros Kennerley. During his time as Co-Chair, Tom was a professor at Texas A&M University (TAMU), until his retirement a few years ago. Through academic connections and teams of students at TAMU, he oversaw the previous Global Mammal Assessment for the Americas.

Since his retirement from TAMU, Tom has been able to assist in the renewal of the Red List Partnership between TAMU and the SSC and promoted strong continued interest in the SMSG as well as assessment activities more widely, among faculty, staff, and administrators. The university has also renewed an agreement that Tom had previously negotiated with Re:wild to enhance capacity for both Red List and Green Status assessments.

In addition to his work for the SMSG, Tom has had many other engagements with the wider SSC activities. He first became engaged with the SSC when he was Executive Director of the Center for Applied Biodiversity Science at Conservation International in the early 2000s. He helped organise the funding of both the SSC Chair position (at the time Holly Dublin) as well as the first GMA (then under Simon Stuart) – so it has been nearly a quarter century of engagement! Tom also served on the Red List Committee from 2010 to 2023.

Innsbruck / Garmisch-Partenkirchen, March 2025 — A new cross-border initiative has been launched to protect one of Europe’s rarest mammals, the Bavarian Pine Vole (Microtus bavaricus). The Alpenzoo Innsbruck-Tirol (Austria) and the Bavarian Environment Agency (Germany) have officially joined forces in a landmark conservation project to secure the future of this species. During a ceremonial event, the two partner institutions signed an agreement for a transboundary initiative dedicated to protecting this vole.

The Bavarian Pine Vole was first discovered in 1962 near Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Bavaria, Germany). Considered extinct after decades of absence, it was rediscovered in Mittenwald in 2023 by the Bird Protection Agency Garmisch-Partenkirchen at the Bavarian Environment Agency. Until then, the only known population occurred in North Tyrol (Austria), near the Alpenzoo. With an extremely limited range and very small population, the species is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) on the Austrian Red List and as Extinct / Lost on the German Red List.

At the heart of the conservation effort is the EUREGIO Zugspitze-Wetterstein-Karwendel region, which includes vital habitats for the vole. Funded 75% by the EU’s Interreg Bavaria-Austria 2021–2027 program, with additional support from the Alpenzoo, the project’s measures to protect the Bavarian Pine Vole include:

• monitoring of populations in Bavaria and Tyrol,
• conservation of the species and preservation and management of its habitats, and
• public awareness campaigns and environmental education about this unique alpine species.

The project also contributes to establishing an IUCN Centre for Species Survival at the Alpenzoo to ensure long-term preservation of endangered small mammals and alpine species. This aspect is implemented in collaboration with the IUCN Small Mammal Specialist Group.

The Alpenzoo and the Bavarian Environment Agency are jointly committed to preserving this rare species. Dr. André Stadler, Director of the Alpenzoo, emphasized the importance of cross-border cooperation:

“This project is a prime example of species and habitat conservation across borders. Together, we can save an endangered species that hardly anyone knows about—but is a vital part of our alpine biodiversity.”

Sabrina Blandau, Managing Director of EUREGIO Zugspitze-Wetterstein-Karwendel, added:

“We are proud to support this unique project through the Interreg program. It’s a meaningful way to contribute to species and nature conservation in the European Alps.”

This agreement signals a hopeful future for the Bavarian Pine Vole—and a stronger commitment to biodiversity conservation in Europe’s alpine region.

Persons present at the event:

Günther Platter, President of the Alpenzoo Innsbruck-Tirol Association

Dr. André Stadler, Direktor of the Alpenzoo Innsbruck-Tirol

Dr. Nora Weyer, Conservation Officer at the Alpenzoo’s Centre for Species Survival

Dr. Simon Ripperger, Scientific Expert, Bavarian Environment Agency

Sabrina Blandau, CEO of EUREGIO Zugspitze – Wetterstein – Karwendel (EZWK)

Simon Damerow, Regional Management of EZWK Innsbruck-Land

Today, 4th April, is World Rat Day, so what better day to celebrate some of the world’s most diverse and fascinating mammals? 

The first thing that springs to mind with the word “rat” might be the widespread and recognisable Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus). In actual fact, “rat” is a broad term that has been used to describe hundreds of species of muroid rodents. The name “rat” typically covers the true rats of the Rattini tribe (including, for example, species of the Rattus genus), but has also been used in common names for groups such as the kangaroo, mosaic-tailed, spiny, mole and rabbit rats.  

Native rats play key roles in ecosystems everywhere. They are scatter-hoarders, scavengers, burrowers, predators, and prey. However, lacking the obvious characteristics of larger flagship mammals, most rats are completely overlooked and underrepresented in the media, as well as in funding, conservation and research.  

Below, we are spotlighting some of these remarkable yet at-risk rats. 

Yesterday, we reported on the IUCN Red List’s first update of the year (27th March 2025) and some of the small mammal Red List assessments it included. Today, we are highlighting the four Green Status of Species assessments also included in this latest update. The IUCN Green Status of Species complements the Red List by providing a tool for assessing the recovery of species’ populations and measuring their conservation success. Green Status assessments are published on the Red List website, and provide insight into how current and future actions could contribute to species’ conservation.

Menzbier’s Marmot (Marmota menzbieri) – Critically Depleted 

Restricted to the western part of the Tien Shan Mountains in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, Menzbier’s Marmot was assessed as Vulnerable on the Red List in 2023. The Red List team for this species – comprising species experts Ormon E. Sultangaziev, Elena Bykova and Aleksandr Esipov, and the SMSG’s Programme Officer Abi Gazzard – then decided to embark of the Green Status assessment process. In the assessments, we report that Menzbier’s Marmot is threatened by the rapid loss of alpine and subalpine meadow habitats, livestock herders’ dogs, poaching, mining, quarrying and climate change. Unfortunately, its Green Status assessment shows a low Species Recovery Score of 13% (Critically Depleted). This is because the species is recorded as Critically Endangered and Endangered in two of its distinct populations, and absent in the third unit of its former range. Human population growth, and increased infrastructure and livestock to support it, is expected to soon impact higher elevations, where the species’ range has begun to shift in response to climate change.

Bykova, E., Esipov, A., Gazzard, A., Plakhov, K. & Sultangaziev, O.E. 2024. Marmota menzbieri (Green Status assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T12827A1282720251.

Calabrian Black Squirrel (Sciurus meridionalis) – Moderately Depleted

The Calabrian Black Squirrel was assessed as Near Threatened as part of the European Red List Pulse project in 2024. Now, in the latest update, its Green Status assessment shows a score of 52%, placing it in the Moderately Depleted category. In the long-term, reforestation efforts combined with enhanced habitat management, restoration of habitat connectivity, and captive breeding to improve genetic variation have the potential to move the species into the Slightly Depleted category, reflecting a Medium Recovery Potential. This assessment was coordinated by Durrell intern Salomé, who worked closely with Assessors Giovanni Amori and Gaetano Aloise, following Giovanni’s efforts on the 2024 Red List assessment.

Amori, G. & Aloise, G. 2024. Sciurus meridionalis (Green Status assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T221730662A22173066220251.

North American Beaver (Castor canadensis) – Slightly Depleted

The SMSG’S Deputy Chair for Eulipotyphla, Alexis Mychajliw, has co-assessed two North American native species in recent months. First up is the North American Beaver which, whilst Least Concern on the Red List, is reported as Slightly Depleted on the Green Status of Species with a species recovery score of 83%. It is considered fully Functional in three of the six spatial units within its indigenous range, and Viable (but not Functional) in the remaining three. Trapping regulations and translocations have helped conserve this species and, without these interventions, it is estimated that the Recovery Score would be as low as 44%. This is a great example of how Green Status assessments can capture the impact that past interventions have had.

Snyderman, L.S., Mychajliw, A. & Hofman, C.A. 2024. Castor canadensis (Green Status assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T4003A400320251.

Common Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) – Moderately Depleted

Last is the Common Muskrat, prepared by the same team as above. This is a Least Concern species, yet its Green Status assessment highlights how the status of existing populations is somewhat reliant on trapping regulations. The removal of these regulations would be detrimental to the species. Improvements in habitat quality and connectivity could further increase its species recovery score in the long-term, which currently stands at 67%.

Snyderman, L.S., Mychajliw, A. & Hofman, C.A. 2024. Ondatra zibethicus (Green Status assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T15324A1532420251

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has just published its first update of the year (27th March 2025), including reassessments for many small mammal species submitted by the Small Mammal Specialist Group. This time around, most species stayed in the same category, with a handful moving to less threatened categories. Read about some of these species below.

Dusky Hopping-mouse (Notomys fuscus) – Near Threatened 

First up is this mouse found in Australia, which has been downlisted from Vulnerable to Near Threatened in the latest update. Despite the large historical declines in abundance and distribution, this is a good news story. Increases in the range and populations have been recorded in recent decades, due to effective control of invasive European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), which had the knock-on effect of lowering cat (Felis catus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) numbers as they were no longer being sustained by high rabbit availability.

Photo credit: Boyd Essex, Wikimedia.

Wimmer’s Shrew (Crocidura wimmeri) – Vulnerable 

Wimmer’s Shrew – previously Critically Endangered – has been moved to Vulnerable status since new records have expanded the known distribution of this species. Found in Côte d’Ivoire and now also recorded in Ghana, this species is still under threat from land use change for agriculture, urbanisation, logging, and mining operations (both legal and illegal). The assessment highlights that research is needed to determine its trends, improve knowledge of its ecology, and measure the impact of threats. 

Photo credit: Dr. Jan Decher. Male and female from pitfall trap in Atewa, Ghana. 

Northern Chinese Flying Squirrel (Aeretes melanopterus) – Least Concern 

This species is endemic to mountainous forests in China between 1,200 and 3,000m above sea level. In the latest update it has been moved from Near Threatened to Least Concern, because there is no evidence that it is facing any severe threats and is considered to have a stable population. Whilst it does have a very large extent of occurrence (EOO), it is thought that it has a relatively low population size. Assessors highlighted that taxonomic research is needed to determine whether the two sub-species are distinct enough to be considered separate species. 

Image from G. Masson, 1868-1874, Recherches pour servir à l’histoire naturelle des mammifères.

Kenneth’s White-toothed Rat (Berylmys mackenziei) – Least Concern and Manipur White-toothed Rat (Berylmys manipulus) –  Least Concern 

In this update we also submitted two Berylmys species, moving them from Data Deficient to Least Concern. Both of these burrowing rodents appear to be widespread across parts of Asia, but likely face threats of habitat loss and possibly even hunting. Berylmys mackenziei  in particular remains under some taxonomic uncertainty, so further research is needed. 

Photo credit: from Dhananjoy, Ch., Ibemhal, A., Brajendra, N., Laishram, J.M. and Singh, C.B. (2011) Biodiversity of rat species in Manipur. NeBIO 2, 23-26. In image, top: B. mackenziei and bottom: B. manipulus.

The Iberian Desman

Desmans are semi-aquatic small mammals that are members of the Talpidae mole family. The Iberian Desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, where it is restricted to Andorra, France, northern and central Spain, and northern Portugal.

The species is extremely well adapted to a semiaquatic lifestyle, where it mainly lives in fast-flowing mountain streams. The species favours watercourses where the margins offer some shelter, and it requires clean and well oxygenated water, mostly due to the requirements of its main prey, aquatic macroinvertebrates. It is therefore a good indicator species for healthy river systems.

It is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, due to large declines in its range and populations. The main threat factors identified are the fragmentation and isolation of populations due to the construction of large dams and hydroelectric dams, water pollution, as well as the alteration of riverbanks and natural riparian vegetation. The disappearance of local populations may be due to predation by invasive non-native species such as the American mink (Neogale vison) and the recent range expansion of otters.

Setting the scene for a trans-national action plan 

In November 2023 in Andorra La Vella, a meeting was held to start the process of conservation planning, including by identifying major threats and summarising the evidence behind the declines. In the meeting we came up with a list of all the stakeholders that should be involved in the conservation of the species.

The event was organized by the IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation (IUCN Med). IUCN Med, as part of its species conservation initiatives in the Mediterranean region, is working on this initiative after receiving a request from some interested parties to lead actions at a trans-national level. This is due to the importance of the cross-border approach in the protection of the remaining populations.

Desman trans-boundary action planning workshop 

In January 2025, more than 40 Iberian Desman experts from Andorra, Spain, France and Portugal met with other interested stakeholders to develop a trans-national conservation plan and define the urgent measures to prevent the extinction of this unique freshwater species.

Iberian Desman workshop group photo 2025

The workshop was held in Madrid and organised by IUCN Med with the support of MITECO. The workshop was facilitated by the IUCN Species Survival Commission’s (SSC) Conservation Planning Specialist Group (CPSG).

Iberian Desman workshop about to kick-off!

Outcomes included: 

• The development of a trans-boundary strategic vision to guide conservation actions for the species.  

• A detailed prioritisation and zoning analysis of specific threats was carried out for each identified population cluster.  

• A fundamental part of the process was to set clear objectives, concrete actions and define the key actors involved in the implementation of the trans-boundary strategy.  

• A multidisciplinary committee was formed to facilitate the coordination and monitoring of conservation activities across countries. Their main role will be the prioritisation, promotion and coordination of conservation actions for the species throughout its range. 

Iberian Desman workshop day 1

The potential role for ex-site measures in the action plan 

Within the workshop, a separate group was set up to talk through the potential roles for ex-situ conservation. This is certainly a challenging species for ex-situ actions because, whilst it has been kept well, it has never been successfully bred in captivity.

The group included representatives from ADEFFA (the only facility where the species is currently kept in captivity), the EAZA Small Mammal TAG, Ros Kennerley representing the SMSG, and other interested parties from each range-country.

We agreed that within-range facilities and a serious investment of resources are required to establish a successful breeding programme at a sufficient scale to provide enough animals for population reinforcement and possibly reintroduction. Further details of requirements and a funding plan will be drafted in the coming months.

One of the break-out groups, considering the potential role for ex-situ conservation efforts

Richard Viduna (EAZA Small Mammal TAG chair), Ros Kennerley (SMSG Co-Chair), and Dijana Beneta (Vice-Chair, EAZA Small Mammal TAG)

Next steps

The finalised conservation action plan will be approved and published later this year. Stay tuned! 

Alpenzoo and the IUCN SSC Small Mammal Specialist Group (SMSG) – who have collaborated to create a Centre for Species Survival – are pleased to welcome Nora Weyer to the team. Nora is based at Alpenzoo in Austria and will be working closely with the SMSG on lots of small mammal Red List work. Hear more from Nora below.

“I am a passionate conservation biologist with over a decade of experience in wildlife research, conservation planning, and international collaboration. I hold a Ph.D. in Biology, specializing in the ecophysiology of large and small mammals, with extensive fieldwork in southern Africa.

As the Conservation Officer at Alpenzoo Innsbruck, I coordinate the 19th IUCN Centre for Species Survival and lead conservation programs focused on small mammals worldwide and alpine species in the region, including the Bavarian pine vole. I work closely with the IUCN SSC Small Mammal Specialist Group, the Conservation Planning Specialist Group (CPSG), governments, and NGOs to drive impactful conservation initiatives.

Before joining Alpenzoo, I worked with the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). My background in wildlife conservation physiology includes extensive research on wild animal species in southern Africa. For my Ph.D., I studied the impacts of climate change on free-living aardvarks in the Kalahari semi-desert, while my M.Sc. research focused on torpor patterns in the African woodland dormouse. I have also contributed to research on other wild species, including marine turtles and pangolins.

In addition to my role with the IUCN SSC Small Mammal Specialist Group, I am an active member of the IUCN SSC Afrotheria Specialist Group.

I have played a key role in species conservation action plans and assessments, international policy frameworks, and ecological research. I am dedicated to bridging science, policy, and conservation practice, contributing to species survival through evidence-based strategies and collaboration.”